AMETHYST, CALCITE, QUARTZ, COPPER MINERALS (cabinet)

Amethyst is a purple variant of quartz (SiO2), with its distinctive violet hue attributed to factors such as irradiation, iron (Fe3+) impurities, and occasionally other transition metals, along with various trace elements that lead to intricate substitutions within its crystal lattice. The irradiation process causes Fe3+ ions, which substitute for silicon in the lattice, to lose an electron, creating a [FeO4]0 color center. Structurally, amethyst consists of a three-dimensional network of tetrahedra, where silicon atoms are centrally located and surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the tetrahedron's vertices. This rigid structure contributes to the mineral's hardness and durability, making it an ideal choice for jewelry applications.

This specimen is a true wonder and offers heaps to enjoy perfect calcite crystals, quartz, copper minerals (take your microscope out).