DIAMOND 0.8 Ct (rough) 0.16 grams

Diamond 

Diamond is a crystalline form of carbon, characterized by a diamond cubic structure. This form of carbon is tasteless, odorless, and exhibits remarkable strength and brittleness, appearing colorless in its pure state. It is a poor electrical conductor and does not dissolve in water. While graphite is the stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, diamond is metastable and transitions to graphite at an extremely slow rate under these conditions. Notably, diamond possesses the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural substance, making it invaluable in various industrial applications, particularly in cutting and polishing tools. This exceptional hardness also enables diamond anvil cells to generate the immense pressures found deep within the Earth.

The rigid atomic arrangement in diamond limits the types of impurities that can be incorporated, with boron and nitrogen being notable exceptions. Even minor defects or impurities—approximately one per million lattice atoms—can impart color to diamonds, resulting in hues such as blue (from boron), yellow (from nitrogen), brown (from defects), and green (from radiation exposure), as well as shades of purple, pink, orange, or red. Additionally, diamonds are known for their high refractive index and significant optical dispersion, contributing to their brilliance and desirability.