Gold, represented by the chemical symbol Au (derived from the Latin word aurum) and holding the atomic number 79, is a chemical element. In its pure state, it appears as a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. As a transition metal and a member of group 11, gold is classified among the noble metals and is known for its low reactivity, ranking as the second least reactive element. Under standard conditions, it remains solid.
Gold is typically found in its native form as nuggets or grains within rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It can exist in solid solutions with silver (known as electrum) and is often alloyed with metals like copper and palladium, as well as found in mineral inclusions such as pyrite. Additionally, it can be present in mineral compounds, particularly those containing tellurium, known as gold tellurides.
