Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (derived from the word aurum) and an atomic number of 79. In its pure form, gold appears as a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It is classified as a transition and belongs to group 11, being one of the noble metals. Gold is one of the least reactive chemical elements, positioned as the second-lowest in the reactivity series. Under standard conditions, it exists a solid state.
Gold frequently occurs in its free elemental form (native state), found as nuggets or grains in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It is present in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as in electrum), naturally alloyed with other metals such as copper and palladium, and in mineral inclusions like pyrite. Less commonly it can be found in minerals as gold compounds, often in combination with tellurium (gold tellurides).
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